Bonding to enamel — clinical protocol

Protocol

1. Isolation
   • Ideal: rubber dam
   • Avoid contamination
2. Cleaning
   • Pumice or prophylaxis
   • No organic residues
3. Acid etching
   • Phosphoric acid 35–37%
   • Time: 15–30 seconds
4. Rinse — 15 seconds
   • Abundant water
   • Remove all acid
5. Dry — 15 seconds
   • Air
   • Appearance: frosted white
6. Adhesive — according to manufacturer instructions
   • Apply evenly
   • Air thin
7. Light curing
   • According to manufacturer
   • Proper light positioning

Key points

• Enamel must always be etched
• Frosted white = correct
• If not → re-etch

Common mistakes

• Not etching enamel
• Saliva contamination
• Insufficient time
• Not following manufacturer instructions

Expected result

• High bond strength
• Low leakage
• Clinical longevity